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An infinitive that carries its own subject. Portuguese has it, Spanish does not, and using it well is a C1 marker in both standards.
The control text · argumentative
Proibir o celular nas escolas parece uma medida drástica, mas os resultados sugerem que ela funciona. Nas redes que adotaram a restrição, os professores relatam menos interrupções e uma queda nos casos de intimidação online. É verdade que o aparelho também é ferramenta de estudo, e seria ingênuo ignorar isso. Ainda assim, o custo da distração recai sobre quem já tem menos apoio em casa. Enquanto não houver evidência de que o uso livre melhora a aprendizagem, o ônus da prova cabe a quem defende a permissão.
Where the two part
Brazilian · the base
Alive and used, though speech often restructures around it with a finite clause instead.
European · the contrast
Alive and used more freely; its absence where it is expected reads as an error rather than a simplification.
10 options
para nós resolvermos isso ainda esta semana
The tellAn infinitive ending in -mos, -es or -em after a preposition.
The canonical use, and the one that most reliably tightens a sentence that would otherwise need que.
Nothing transfers from Spanish, so the endings have to be learned as a paradigm.
sem eles saberem que o serviço já tinha sido cancelado
The tellA pronoun subject sitting directly in front of an inflected infinitive.
Compact and unambiguous about who is doing what, which a bare infinitive cannot be.
Word order is fixed, so it is less flexible than the finite clause it replaces.
É importante vocês confirmarem por escrito.
The tellÉ importante, é preciso, convém followed by an inflected infinitive.
The natural alternative to the present subjunctive here, and often lighter than que plus subjunctive.
It competes with the subjunctive rather than replacing it, so you have to choose — and both are correct.
Ao receberem o comprovante, encerraram o caso.
The tellAo plus an inflected infinitive: on or upon doing something.
A one-word temporal clause. In formal writing it does what a whole subordinate clause would.
Frequent in journalism to the point of cliché, and it can leave the time relation vaguer than a finite clause would.
Apesar de terem cancelado a assinatura, a cobrança continuou.
The tellA concessive preposition plus an inflected infinitive.
Exactly the move Anchor B's concession needs, and it reads as controlled rather than wordy.
The participle agreement inside it is a second thing to get right at the same time.
Por não terem respondido, registrei a reclamação.
The tellCausal por plus inflected infinitive: because they did not.
States cause without porque, which raises the register of a complaint immediately.
Ambiguous with the agentive por in a passive if the sentence is not carefully built.
para que nós resolvamos isso · sem que eles saibam
The tellque plus a subjunctive where an inflected infinitive would have done.
Always available, always correct, and closer to how Brazilian speech actually builds these clauses.
Heavier on the page, and in an exam it can look like avoiding the structure being tested.
Preciso resolver isso ainda esta semana.
The tellNo ending, because the subject is the same as the main verb's.
The right choice when there is only one subject — inflecting here would be an error, not a flourish.
Knowing when not to inflect is half the domain, and it is the half people skip.
É difícil eles aceitarem · É difícil eles aceitar — the first is standard
The tellBoth forms appear in the wild; only one survives editing.
Recognising the variation stops you correcting native speech that is not wrong, only spoken.
The line between optional and obligatory is genuinely fuzzy, and no rule you can state covers it.
Quero resolvermos isso. — wrong: one subject, no ending
The tellAn ending on an infinitive whose subject is already the main verb's.
On the sheet because it is the characteristic error of someone who has just learned the form and is pleased with it.
It is an error in both standards, and it is the kind that reads as showing off rather than as a slip.