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Clitic placement

Where the object pronoun sits. One of the deepest structural splits between the two standards, and an exam question in both.

Portuguese · Grammar · GRM-02

The control text · practical

Bom dia. No dia 12 deste mês, foi debitada da minha conta uma cobrança de R$ 89,90 que eu não reconheço. Cancelei esse serviço em maio e guardei o comprovante. Estou pedindo o estorno do valor e a confirmação, por escrito, de que a assinatura foi encerrada. Se não houver retorno até sexta-feira, vou registrar uma reclamação no Procon. Fico no aguardo.

Every option below rewrites this text.

Where the two part

Brazilian · the base

Proclisis nearly everywhere in speech, including at the start of a sentence, which the prescriptive norm forbids. Written Brazilian still avoids sentence-initial clitics; Brazilian speech does not.

European · the contrast

Enclisis is the default, and proclisis is triggered — by negation, by certain adverbs, by quantifiers, and inside subordinate clauses. Mesoclisis survives in formal writing.

10 options

GRM-02a

Proclisis, sentence-initial

Brazilian

Me manda o comprovante, por favor.

The tellThe pronoun opens the sentence.

Gains

What Brazilians actually say, at every social level, without exception.

Costs

Wrong in writing in both countries and marked wrong in both exams. Spoken only.

GRM-02b

Enclisis, sentence-initial

European

Manda-me o comprovante, por favor.

The tellPronoun hyphenated onto the back of the verb.

Gains

The European default and correct in formal Brazilian writing too, so it works in more places than it looks.

Costs

In Brazilian speech it is heard as stiff or as Portuguese, never as neutral.

GRM-02c

Proclisis after negation

Both

BR Não me mandaram nada.

EU Não me mandaram nada.

The tellA negative word before the verb pulls the pronoun forwards. Both countries agree.

Gains

One of the few clitic rules that is the same everywhere, so it is free.

Costs

None — and forgetting it is a real error rather than a variant.

GRM-02d

Proclisis after an adverb

Both

Já lhe enviei o comprovante. · Ainda me devem o valor.

The tellJá, ainda, também, só attract the pronoun forwards.

Gains

The rule generalises: attractors pull, and there are only a handful to learn.

Costs

The list of attractors is finite but not obvious, so it is memorisation with no underlying logic.

GRM-02e

Proclisis in a subordinate clause

Both

BR Peço que me devolvam o valor.

EU Peço que me devolvam o montante.

The tellAfter que, the pronoun goes in front. Always, in both countries.

Gains

Anchor A is built for this: the request clause takes proclisis in either standard.

Costs

None. This is the safest clitic position in the language.

GRM-02f

Mesoclisis

European

Devolver-lhe-ei o valor até sexta-feira.

The tellThe pronoun sits inside the verb, between stem and future ending.

Gains

Alive in formal European writing and unmistakably learned. Recognising it matters for DUPLE reading.

Costs

Effectively extinct in Brazil. Produced there it sounds like a joke about Portuguese, and produced badly anywhere it is worse than not producing it.

GRM-02g

Clitic on the auxiliary

Brazilian

Eles me mandaram cobrar de novo.

The tellIn a two-verb string the pronoun climbs to the front of the first verb.

Gains

The ordinary Brazilian solution and easy to produce consistently.

Costs

European Portuguese has more options here and prefers others, so it does not transfer cleanly.

GRM-02h

Clitic on the infinitive

European

Eles mandaram cobrar-me de novo. · Vou enviar-lhe o comprovante.

The tellThe pronoun attaches to the second verb rather than the first.

Gains

The natural European placement in verb chains, and the one that keeps enclisis intact.

Costs

Brazilian ears parse it slowly, and in speech it can be genuinely ambiguous about which verb it belongs to.

GRM-02i

Contracted clitic

Both

Devolvam-mo até sexta. — me + o, contracted

The tellmo, to, lho, no-lo: two pronouns fused into one.

Gains

Compact, correct in both standards, and a genuine C2 marker in writing.

Costs

Almost never heard in Brazilian speech, so producing it in conversation there is conspicuous.

GRM-02j

Avoidance — restructure the sentence

Both

BR Peço o estorno do valor.

EU Solicito o reembolso do montante.

The tellNo pronoun at all: the object is named, so no placement decision arises.

Gains

The honest escape from a rule system neither country agrees on, and it usually reads as more formal rather than less.

Costs

Repetition of the full noun gets heavy fast, and in an exam it can read as avoiding the structure you were being tested on.